Pseudolymphomas consist of benign reactive t or bcell lymphoproliferative processes that clinically andor histologically simulate cutaneous lymphomas. Since that initial report, a number of allergens have been reported to cause this type of pseudolymphoma. Finally, an inflammatory disorder may occur with reexposure following prior sensitization to a particular allergen. After complete excision of the whole lesion, there has been no recurrence during the followup period of 12 months.
Histological and immunohistochemical findings were suggestive of cutaneous pseudolymphoma cpl, and extensive screening for malignant lymphoma ml remained negative. Known inciting agents for lymphocytoma cutis include the following. Pdf initial cutaneous manifestation of lymphomas in children. Disease bioinformatics research of cutaneous pseudolymphoma has been linked to pseudolymphoma, lymphoma, dermatologic disorders, skin neoplasms, hyperplasia. Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts tumor reactive lymphoid hyperplasia pseudolymphoma. Cutaneous pseudolymhomas are reactive lymphocytic proliferations that appear in the skin and resemble a malignant lymphoma. Report of two cases 111 the pcr of immunoglobulin heavy chain igh gene rearrangement showed polyclonality.
Cutaneous pseudolymphomas can be separated into two major subtypes, pseudolymphomas mimicking a cutaneous b cell lymphoma b cell pseudolymphomas and pseudolymphomas mimicking a. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma psls are a heterogeneous group of lymphocyterich infiltrates, simulating clinically andor histologically cutaneous lymphoma. In most situations, this appears to be a reactive process, though a number of dermatologic conditions can be difficult to distinguish from a lymphoma. In 1923, bilerstein coined term lymphocytoma cutis term lymphadenosis benigna cutis was introduced by bafverstedt in 1943 in 1967, lever introduced term pseudolymphoma of spiegler and fendt subsequently,caro and helwig in 196.
Abstract cutaneous pseudolymphoma is an uncommon, benign lymphoproliferative disorder of the skin. This website is intended for pathologists and laboratory personnel, who understand that medical information is imperfect and must be interpreted using reasonable medical judgment. Tattoo dyeref12 jewelry eg, gold earrings arthropod insect and spider bites medicationsref4. Pdf cutaneous lymphomas comprise a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders with skin involvement and are classified as a. The term, cutaneous pseudolymphoma psl, refers to a group of lymphocyterich infiltrates, which either clinically andor histologically simulate cutaneous lymphomas clinicopathologic correlation is essential to achieve the final diagnosis in cutaneous psl and to differentiate it from cutaneous lymph. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma is a term used to describe a heterogeneous group of benign reactive t cell, bcell or mixed cell type lymphoproliferative processes that resemble cutaneous lymphomas clinically andor histopathologically. Pseudolymphomas are reactive lymphocytic proliferations that appear in the skin and resemble a malignant lymphoma. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma following administration of lornoxicam. Pseudolymphoma is a benign reactive process with a lymphoid cell proliferation so intense that it may be mistaken for lymphoma. We report our observations on 4 patients with vaccinationinduced bcell pseudolymphoma all females. The authors report on a case of pseudolymphoma cutis in a 48yearold man. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma resulting from antigen injections. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma resulting from a tattoo zinberg. Presence of clonality must be interpreted in the context of the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous.
Pdf cutaneous manifestations of lyme borreliosis researchgate. Not surprisingly, the term psl defined in this way seems to have been overstretched in the literature. Department of dermatology, rambam medical center, po box 9160, haifa 31096, israel abstract cutaneous pseudolymphoma refers to a heterogenous group of benign reactive tcell or bcell. Historical aspects cutaneous pseudolymphomacpl was first described under the term sarcomatosis cutis by kaposi in 1891. Based on these histological features, the lesion was diagnosed as pseudolymphoma of the liver. A man developed nodules within the red areas of his tattoo.
Observations in a large series of skin lesions showing heavy lymphocytoid infiltrates comprises a heterogeneous group, both clinically and histopathologically. We report 2 cases of cutaneous rosaidorfman disease crdd. Skin pseudolymphoma caused by cutaneous leismaniasia. In a recent article in the archives on cutaneous pseudolymphoma resulting from antigen injections 110. Cutaneous presentation preceding acute myeloid leukemia aml is rare, and.
Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia pseudolymphoma cmaj. Lymphocytoma cutis is a rare pseudolymphoma that has also been known as cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia or lymphadenosis benigna cutis. Tumor cells of lymphoma, pseudolymphoma, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma, lymphomatoid contact dermatitis type, as an unusual cause of. Pilar gonzalezperamato, in urologic surgical pathology fourth edition, 2020. A rare presentation of cutaneous pseudolymphoma as a preleukaemic state muthu sivaramakrishnan1, ronald kerr2, alan evans 3 and andrew affleck1 1department of dermatology, ninewells hospital and medical school, dundee, uk 2department of haematology, ninewells hospital and medical school, dundee, uk. Cutaneous pseudolymphomas actas dermosifiliograficas. Miliarial type pseudolymphoma mimicking as granulomatous rosacea. Small and mixed small and large lymphoid cell lymphomas with. Histologically, cutaneous t cell pseudolymphomas may show a superficial bandlike pattern simulating early patchplaquestage mycosis fungoides mf or a nodular or diffuse pattern simulating peripheral t cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified ptcl, nos or tumorstage mf. Frequency of small b ce11 lymphoma cases showing primary cutaneous manifestations. Pseudolymphoma is a benign inflammatory response occasionally linked to an inciting antigen that simulates cutaneous lymphomas.
We report a unique case of cutaneous pseudolymphoma that occured after accidental, traumatic inoculation of a red pigment in a. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma psl is described in the literature as a reactive lymphoproliferation that histopathologically andor clinically imitates cutaneous lymphomas. Although this condition is most commonly idiopathic, its occurrence has been associated with cosmetic tattoos. Appropriate use criteria combine the best scientific evidence. The term cutaneous pseudolymphoma refers to a heterogeneous group of benign skin disorders that simulate cutaneous lymphomas histologically and sometimes clinically. The inflammatory infiltrate is bandlike, nodular, or diffuse and is composed predominantly of lymphocytes with or without other inflammatory cells. Pseudolymphoma, also called as cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia, is a skin lesion having lymphomatous appearance mimicking lymphoma that results from known or unknown stimulus like insect bites, vaccination, trauma, folliculitis, drugs, jewelry, and contactants. We describe a case of cutaneous bcell pseudolymphoma due to paraphenylenediamine. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma refers to a group of conditions that simulate a lymphoma blood cell cancer, but behave in a harmless manner. Pseudolymphoma is characterized by dense lymphoid infiltrates of the skin, which may be focal or diffuse. Depending on the predominant cell type in the infiltrate, cutaneous pseudolymphomas are divided into t and bcell pseudolymphomas. Lymphocytoma cutis, or spieglerfendt sarcoid, is classed as one of the pseudolymphomas, referring to inflammatory disorders in which the accumulation of lymphocytes on the skin resembles, clinically and histopathologically, cutaneous lymphomas. Views of dermatopathologists about clonality assays in the. Clinically 3 patients presented with subcutaneous nodules and 1 presented with a large, indurated, erythematous plaque.
The accurate diagnosis of cutaneous pseudolymphoma depends on critical elements from the clinical history, physical exam, histologic, andor adjunctive studies that make the particular case fall short of the diagnosis of confirmed cutaneous lymphoma. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma occurring after traumatic. Cutaneous presentation preceding acute monocytic leukemia. Combined treatment for cutaneous rosaidorfman disease. Pseudolymphomas are a rare complication of vaccination, presenting with dense lymphoid infiltrates and prominent follicular pattern. A case of borrelia associated cutaneous pseudolymphoma in a horse article in veterinary dermatology 232. Jun 26, 2016 historical aspects cutaneous pseudolymphoma cpl was first described under the term sarcomatosis cutis by kaposi in 1891. Krasnaliev3 1 department of dermatology and venereology, medical university varna 2 department of dermatology and venereology, medical university sofia. Tcell pseudolymphoma presenting in a lichenoid and nodular. Cpl may appear as localized or disseminated skin lesions. A 55yearold woman presented with 2 nodules on her face of 6months duration. This is only the second report in the literature of pseudolymphoma arising in a tattoo. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma cpl was first described under the term sarcomatosis cutis by kaposi in 1891. Clinicopathologic correlation is essential to achieve the correct diagnosis.
Pdf on nov 30, 2009, dieter hassler and others published cutaneous manifestations of lyme borreliosis find, read and cite all the research you need on. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma is the term used to indicate a group of benign lymphoproliferative disorders of the skin, being the cutaneous lymphomas a form of bcell pseudolymphoma. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. These 2 groups correspond to druginduced pseudolymphoma and hypersensitivity syndrome. The term, cutaneous pseudolymphoma psl, refers to a group of lymphocyterich infiltrates, which either clinically andor histologically simulate cutaneous lymphomas. We think that they are 2 distinct entities with different clinical and biological features and outcome, even if the pathological findings are sometimes similar. Lymphoma cutis is the most important type of pseudolymphoma.
The term pseudolymphoma tends to be more commonly used in. Druginduced pseudolymphoma and hypersensitivity syndrome. A big problem for the clinicians is the differential diagnosis between cutaneous pseudolymphoma and malignant cutaneous lymphomas, as well as possibility for transformation of cutaneous pseudolymphoma into malignant lymphomas. Both tcell and bcell forms of pseudolymphoma may be seen. Gharaei nejad kaveh 1, rafiei rana 1, azimi seyyede zeinab 1, rafiee behnam 2. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma christina mitteldorf, mda, werner kempf, mdb,c keywords cutaneous pseudolymphoma tcell bcell borreliosis tattoo histology key points cutaneous pseudolymphoma psls are a heterogeneous group of lymphocyterich infiltrates, simulating clinically andor histologically cutaneous lymphoma. We describe a 74yearold woman who rapidly developed bilateral voluminous nodules on the upper eyelids, following 4 months treatment for chalazion. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma information including symptoms, causes, diseases, symptoms, treatments, and other medical and health issues. Pseudolymphoma, cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, lymphocytoma cutis, spieglerfendt sarcoid, pseudolymphoma of spieglerfendt, lymphadenosis benigna cutis are all terms that describe lesions in which there is usually a dense proliferation of lymphocytes which is not malignant. Pseudolymphoma is a process which clinically and histologically stimulates a malignant lymphoma but has a benign course. Courtesy of stuart lessin, md diagnosis confirmation. Pseudolymphoma cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia is a benign inflammatory response that histologically and often clinically mimics cutaneous lymphoma. Cutaneous bcell pseudolymphoma at the site of vaccination.
The study of cutaneous pseudolymphoma has been mentioned in research publications which can be found using our bioinformatics tool below. Pseudolymphoma definition of pseudolymphoma by medical. Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis is a form of pseudolymphoma that was first described in 1976 by orbaneja et al. Cutaneous pseudolymphomacpl was first described under the term sarcomatosis cutis by kaposi in 1891. Generally, cutaneous pseudolymphoma is used to describe the accumulation of lymphocytes in the skin in response to various stimuli. Krasnaliev3 1 department of dermatology and venereology, medical university varna. Pseudolymphomas occur in a younger population, and have been associated with collagen diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, sjogren syndrome. What is cutaneous pseudolymphoma cutaneous pseudolymphoma refers to a group of conditions that simulate a lymphoma blood cell cancer, but behave in a harmless manner. Herpes simplex virusassociated pseudolymphoma mdedge.
Cutaneous pseudolymphoma cpl is a reactive polyclonal t or bcell lymphoproliferative process. In cutaneous pseudolymphoma, resemblance to lymphoma is usually most apparent histologically, but some examples may also mimic lymphoma clinically. Approximately three quarters of cases of cutaneous pseudolymphoma are localized. Based on our clinical observation, cutaneous b cell pseudolymphoma was. In 1923, bilerstein coined term lymphocytoma cutis term lymphadenosis benigna cutis was introduced by bafverstedt in 1943 in 1967, lever introduced term pseudolymphoma of spiegler and fendt subsequently,caro and helwig in. Pseudolymphoma, also known as jessners lymphocytic infiltration, is a benign but usually chronic, tcell infiltrating disease with erythematous papules and plaques usually seen on the skin of. Collections of epithelioid macrophages were present in both cases and were reminiscent of epithelioid granulomas.
We experienced a case of pseudolymphoma of the liver which was operated after 15 years follow up. Pseudolymphoma is a benign lymphocytic infiltrate that resembles cutaneous lymphoma histologically, clinically, or both. The postoperative course was uneventful, she was discharged on pod 8. Apr 15, 20 cutaneous pseudolymphoma cpsl is defined as reactive polyclonal benign lymphoproliferative process predominantly composed of either bcells or tcells, localized or disseminated. It is a process that simulates a cutaneous lymphoma blood cell cancer developing in the skin, but it behaves in a harmless manner. Ultimately, the diagnosis of drugassociated pseudolymphoma is established based on the resolution of skin lesions with cessation of drug therapy, which may take weeks or even months. A case of pseudolymphoma of the liver operated with.
Cutaneous pseudolymphoma cpsl is defined as reactive polyclonal benign lymphoproliferative process predominantly composed of either bcells or tcells, localized or disseminated. The finding of clonal t or bcell populations in cutaneous pseudolymphoma suggests that gene rearrangement analysis cannot be used as an absolute criterion in the differentiation between cpl and cutaneous lymphoma. In 1923, bilerstein coined term lymphocytoma cutis term lymphadenosis benigna cutis was introduced by bafverstedt in 1943 in 1967, lever introduced term pseudolymphoma of spiegler and fendt subsequently,caro and helwig in 1969 introduced term. Based on these features, we diagnosed cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia pseudolymphoma. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma, lymphomatoid contact dermatitis. Pseudolymphoma is not a specific disease but rather an inflammatory response to known or unknown stimuli that results in a lymphomatousappearing but benign accumulation of inflammatory cells. A rare presentation of cutaneous pseudolymphoma as a. It is important to identify herpes infections, as they may mimic diseases such as cellulitis and cutaneous lymphoma with markedly disparate therapeutic and prognostic consequences. Results from immunohistochemistry testing showed a mixed population of b and t cells. An unusual presentation of a scalp mass, abstract the term cutaneous pseudolymphoma cpl, an accumulation of lymphocytes in response to a foreign antigen or unknown stimuli lacks specificity, and has been used when neither cause nor mechanism for the lymphocytic proliferation has been identified. It heals spontaneously after cessation of the causative factor e. The remaining cases usually show grouped papules in a single defined region.
It manifests with diarrhoea, hepatosplenomegaly, moderate lymph node enlargement without histopathological changes and evidence of the reticuloendothelial system involvement. Jun 14, 2014 tcell pseudolymphoma presenting in a lichenoid and nodular pattern. The benign behavior of certain lymphoprolifera tive disorders involving the alimentary tract has been recognized for many years 1 3. A case of borrelia associated cutaneous pseudolymphoma in a. The auc task force met to divide cutaneous lpds into b. More compelling evidence is needed, especially when most cutaneous pseudolymphoma are not associated with known antigens and the differentiation from cutaneous lymphoma may be difficult. Clinicopathologic correlation is essential to achieve the final diagnosis in cutaneous psl and to differentiate it from cutaneous lymphomas. Aug 14, 2019 pseudolymphoma is not a specific disease but rather an inflammatory response to known or unknown stimuli that results in a lymphomatousappearing but benign accumulation of inflammatory cells. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma usually more prominent and found in sheets, particularly at the periphery of the infiltrates and near by the epidermis.
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